Mark 10:40

Vocabulary (Greek word by word)

KJV — word by word

But -- The Greek word translated as "but" means "but", "however", and "on the other hand". Since it always falls in the second position, translating it as "however" often captures its feeling better. 

missing "the/this"  -- (MW) The untranslated word is the Greek definite article, which usually precedes a noun and, without a noun, takes the meaning of "the one." The Greek article is much closer to our demonstrative pronouns ("this", "that", "these", "those"). See this article for more. 

to -- This is from the infinitive form of rhe following verb, but when preceded by an article, an infinitive acts like a noun describing an the action. In English, we use a gerund, ending in "ing" for this purpose.

sit -- (WF) "Sit" is a Greek verb  "to make sit down", "to seat", "to place", "to sit", "to post", "to take seats", "to convene", "to appoint",  and "to establish". The form is an infinitive that acts like a noun describing the action when preceded by an article. In English, we would say "the sitting."

on -- The Greek preposition translated as "on" means "out of" or "from." In also means "on"<when referring to place.

my --  "My" is the regular first-person pronoun in Greek in the possessive form, so "my" or "of me".

right -- "Right" is an adjective that means, as an adjective, "on the right hand", "fortunate", "skillful", "ready", "clever", "courteous," and "kindly." As a noun, it means the "right hand," "assurance", "pledge", "treaty,"

hand -- (IW) There is nothing that can be translated as "hand" in the Greek source. 

and --(WW) "And" is translated from a Greek word that means primarily "or" but serves as "than" in a comparison. The same word could also be the exclamation "hi" or the adverb meaning "in truth."

on -- The Greek preposition translated as "on" means "out of" or "from." In also means "on"<when referring to place.

my --  "My" is the regular first-person pronoun in Greek in the possessive form, so "my" or "of me".

left -- "Left" is an adjective that  means "of good name", "honored", "expressed in well-chosen terms", "prosperous," and "fortunate." It is a euphemism for "left", "on the left hand," and "bad omens."

hand - (IW) The Greek word for hand does not appear in the source. It is assumed or implied bu the previous word.

is -- The verb "is" here is the common form of "to be" in Greek. It means to have a certain characteristic or remain in a certain condition. It also equates terms or assigns characteristics. -- When the verb "to be" appears early in the clause before the subject, the sense is more like "it is" or, in the plural, "there are." 

not -- The Greek word translated as "not" is the Greek negative used to deny objective facts, not opinions. It makes a negative statement of fact. Adding "really" to the sentence captures the same idea.

mine --  "Mine" is the regular first-person pronoun in Greek in the possessive form, so "my" or "of me".

to --  This is from the infinitive form of the following verb.

give; -- The verb translated as "given" means "to give", "to grant", "to hand over", "appoint", "establish," and "to describe." It is almost always translated as some form of "give."

but -- (CW) The Greek word translated as "but" denotes an exception or simple opposition. It is used to emphasize the contrast between things like we use "instead," "but instead,"or "rather." It is not the common word usually translated as "but." It is the Greek word "other" like we use "otherwise." Jesus almost always uses this conjunction to connect a negative clause, "not this," with a positive one, "instead this."

it shall be given --  (IP) None of these words exist in the Greek. They are perhaps implied by the form of the "but."

to -- This is from the form of the following article and verbal adjective as indirect objects.

them -- The word translated as "them" is a demonstrative pronoun ("this" "that"), but it often acts as a pronoun ("the one that), especially a connective pronoun ("the one that") introducing a dependent clause.  The sense is more "those" than a simple "them."

for whom -- (IP)These words could be a restatement of the previous word.

it -- This reflects the third-person singular form of the following verb.  The  form refers to both the "right" and the "left." Both are an action, that is "sitting," which is a neuter noun so that, even in the plural, it takes a singular verb.

is -- (WT) This reflects that passive form of the verb. However, it seems to indicate that the tense of the verb is the present. It is the past perfect so "has been" is much more accurate.

prepared. -- "Prepared" is hetoimazo, which means "to get ready", "to be prepared," and "to cause to be prepared." In the passive (as here), it means "to be prepared."

NIV — word by word

But -- The Greek word translated as "but" means "but", "however", and "on the other hand". Since it always falls in the second position, translating it as "however" often captures its feeling better. 

missing "the/this"  -- (MW) The untranslated word is the Greek definite article, which usually precedes a noun and, without a noun, takes the meaning of "the one." The Greek article is much closer to our demonstrative pronouns ("this", "that", "these", "those"). See this article for more. 

to -- This is from the infinitive form of rhe following verb, but when preceded by an article, an infinitive acts like a noun describing an the action. In English, we use a gerund, ending in "ing" for this purpose.

sit -- (WF) "Sit" is a Greek verb  "to make sit down", "to seat", "to place", "to sit", "to post", "to take seats", "to convene", "to appoint",  and "to establish". The form is an infinitive that acts like a noun describing the action when preceded by an article. In English, we would say "the sitting."

on -- The Greek preposition translated as "on" means "out of" or "from." In also means "on"<when referring to place.

my --  "My" is the regular first-person pronoun in Greek in the possessive form, so "my" or "of me".

right -- "Right" is an adjective that means, as an adjective, "on the right hand", "fortunate", "skillful", "ready", "clever", "courteous," and "kindly." As a noun, it means the "right hand," "assurance", "pledge", "treaty,"

or -- "Or" is translated from a Greek word that means primarily "or" but serves as "than" in a comparison. The same word could also be the exclamation "hi" or the adverb meaning "in truth."

on -- The Greek preposition translated as "on" means "out of" or "from." In also means "on"<when referring to place.

my --  "My" is the regular first-person pronoun in Greek in the possessive form, so "my" or "of me".

left -- "Left" is an adjective that  means "of good name", "honored", "expressed in well-chosen terms", "prosperous," and "fortunate." It is a euphemism for "left", "on the left hand," and "bad omens."

is -- The verb "is" here is the common form of "to be" in Greek. It means to have a certain characteristic or remain in a certain condition. It also equates terms or assigns characteristics. -- When the verb "to be" appears early in the clause before the subject, the sense is more like "it is" or, in the plural, "there are." 

not -- The Greek word translated as "not" is the Greek negative used to deny objective facts, not opinions. It makes a negative statement of fact. Adding "really" to the sentence captures the same idea.

for - This word "for"  comes from the genitive case of the following word that required the addition of a preposition in English.  The most common is the "of" of possession, but it can also mean "belonging to," "part of", "which is", "than" (in comparisons), or  "for", "concerning" or "about" with transitive verbs. 

me --  "Me" is the regular first-person pronoun in Greek in the possessive form, so "my" or "of me".

to --  This is from the infinitive form of the following verb.

grant; -- The verb translated as "grant" means "to give", "to grant", "to hand over", "appoint", "establish," and "to describe." It is almost always translated as some form of "give."

but -- (CW) The Greek word translated as "but" denotes an exception or simple opposition. It is used to emphasize the contrast between things like we use "instead," "but instead,"or "rather." It is not the common word usually translated as "but." It is the Greek word "other" like we use "otherwise." Jesus almost always uses this conjunction to connect a negative clause, "not this," with a positive one, "instead this."

These places belong --  (IP) None of these words exist in the Greek.

to -- This is from the form of the following article and verbal adjective as indirect objects.

those -- The word translated as "those" is a demonstrative pronoun ("this" "that"), but it often acts as a pronoun ("the one that), especially a connective pronoun ("the one that") introducing a dependent clause.  The sense is more "those" than a simple "them."

for whom -- (IP)These words could be a restatement of the previous word.

it -- This reflects the third-person singular form of the following verb.  The  form refers to both the "right" and the "left." Both are an action, that is "sitting," which is a neuter noun so that, even in the plural, it takes a singular verb.

is -- (WT) This reflects that passive form of the verb. However, it seems to indicate that the tense of the verb is the present. It is the past perfect so "has been" is much more accurate.

prepared. -- "Prepared" is hetoimazo, which means "to get ready", "to be prepared," and "to cause to be prepared." In the passive (as here), it means "to be prepared."