Matthew 5:3

Vocabulary (Greek word by word)

Μακάριοι [25 verses](adj pl masc nom) "Blessed" is makarios, which means "blessed", "prosperous", "happy", "fortunate" and "blissful".

οἱ [821 verses](article pl masc nom) "The" is the Greek definite article, hos, ("the"), which usually precedes a noun and, without a noun, takes the meaning of "the one" or, in the plural, "the ones".

πτωχοὶ , [17 verses](adj pl masc nom) "Poor" is ptochos, which means "beggar", "beggar-woman" and "beggarly".

τῷ [821 verses] (article sg neut dat)  Untranslated is the Greek definite article, hos, ("the"), which usually precedes a noun and, without a noun, takes the meaning of "the one" or, in the plural, "the ones".

πνεύματι [40 verses](noun sg neut dat) "Spirit" is pneuma, which means "blast", "wind", "breath", "the breath of life", "divine in inspiration", "a spiritual or immaterial being" and "the spirit" of a man.

ὅτι [332 verses](adv/conj) "For" is from hoti, which introduces a statement of fact "with regard to the fact that", "seeing that" and acts as a causal adverb meaning "for what", "because", "since" and "wherefore".

αὐτῶν [720 verses](adj pl masc gen) "Theirs" is autos, which means "the same" and the reflexive pronouns, "myself", "yourself", "himself", "herself", "itself" or the oblique case of the pronouns, "him", "her" and "it". It also means "one's true self", that is, "the soul" as opposed to the body and "of one's own accord".

ἐστὶν .[614 verses](3rd sg pres ind act) "Is" is eimi, which means "to be", "to exist", "to be the case", of circumstance and events "to happen" and "is possible". With the genitive object, it means "is descended from", "is the type of", "belongs to", "is made of", "is a duty of", "is at the mercy of" or "is dependent on". 

ἡ [821 verses](article sg fem nom) "The" is the Greek definite article, hos, ("the"), which usually precedes a noun and, without a noun, takes the meaning of "the one" or, in the plural, "the ones".

βασιλεία [98 verses](noun sg fem nom) "Kingdom" is basileia, which means "kingdom", "dominion", "hereditary monarchy", "kingly office", (passive) "being ruled by a king" and "reign".

τῶν [821 verses](article pl masc gen)  Untranslated is the Greek definite article, hos, ("the"), which usually precedes a noun and, without a noun, takes the meaning of "the one" or, in the plural, "the ones".

οὐρανῶν. [111 verses](noun pl masc gen) "Heaven" is from the Greek ouranos, which means "heaven as in the vault of the sky", "heaven as the seat of the gods", "the sky", "the universe" and "the climate".

KJV — word by word

Blessed -- (CW) The word "blessed" in Greek is an adjective from a root word meaning "happy" or "fortunate". In Jesus's era, all luck was attributed to divine favor but this is not otherwise a religious word. It has no relationship to the Greek verb "bless" or the noun "blessings". This word can also mean "wealthy". This sets up an interesting play on words that only works in Greek, saying "wealthy the poor".

are -- There is no verb "are" in the Greek source. It is implied by the equating of "workman" with "worthy" both in the Greek form of subjects.

the -- The word translated as "the" is the Greek definite article, which usually precedes a noun and, without a noun, takes the meaning of "the one". The Greek article is much closer to our demonstrative pronouns ("this", "that", "these", "those"). See this article for more. 

poor -- (CW)  The Greek word translated as "poor" means "a beggar". It is the subject of the phrase and plural, "beggars". The first two words are literally, "Lucky these beggars".

in  -- (CW) This word "in" comes from the dative case of the following word that requires the addition of a preposition in English, but the translator must decide which preposition to use: a "to" as an indirect object, a "with" for instruments, an "in" for locations, an "as" for purposes, an "of" for possession, a "by" for agents, an "as" for comparisons, "at" or "on" a time, and an "in" for area of effect. Though it can mean "of", Jesus and all other koine speakers would usually use the genitive form to indicate a possessive. Though it can be "in", Jesus usually uses a possessive.

missing "the" -- (MW) The untranslated word is the Greek definite article, which usually precedes a noun and, without a noun, takes the meaning of "the one". The Greek article is much closer to our demonstrative pronouns ("this", "that", "these", "those"). See this article for more. 

spirit: -- The word translated as "spirit" primarily means "breath", "wind", a "non-material being" and "blast". Like "spirit" in English, it can also mean "attitude" or "motivation". It also means the "breath of life", from which we get to "spirit" and "spiritual". Its meaning as "the breath of life" is brought out by the idea of creating life. Its meaning as "spiritual" is brought out by the contrast with "physical". Read more about this word in this article on the holy spirit. 

for -- The "for" here is a causal adverb that means "seeing that", "because" or "since".

theirs -- (CW) This is the genitive, plural pronoun. When this form or word is the object of the verb "to be" the sense is "belongs to", so the sense of this word in these situations is "to". This is not the specific meaning of the word in this situation , which is "to them".

is -- (CW) The verb "is" here is the common form of "to be" in Greek. It means to have a certain characteristic or remain in a certain condition. It also equates terms or assigns characteristics. With an object in the possessive form the "is" becomes "is of", which can mean "it is descended from", "it is the type of", "it belongs to", "is made of", "is a duty of", "is at the mercy of" or "is dependent on".  

the -- The word translated as "the" is the Greek definite article, which usually precedes a noun and, without a noun, takes the meaning of "the one". The Greek article is much closer to our demonstrative pronouns ("this", "that", "these", "those"). See this article for more. 

kingdom -- The word translated as "kingdom" can be the region, the reign, the castle or the authority of a ruler. Christ does not seem to use it to mean a physical region, so its translation as "reign" or "realm" seems more appropriate. This is especially true because the "reign" of a king means the execution of his will.

of -- This word "of" comes from the genitive case of the following word that required the addition of a preposition in English. The most common is the "of" of possession, but it can also mean "belonging to", "part of", "which is", "than" (in comparisons) or  "for", "concerning" or "about" with transitive nouns. 

missing "the" -- (MW) The untranslated word is the Greek definite article, which usually precedes a noun and, without a noun, takes the meaning of "the one". The Greek article is much closer to our demonstrative pronouns ("this", "that", "these", "those"). See this article for more. 

heaven. -- (WN) The word translated as "heaven" means sky, the climate, and the universe. It also meant the home of the gods in a physical sense: the sun, moon, and planets were named for the gods.  The word is plural, not singular.

NIV — word by word

Blessed -- (CW) The word "blessed" in Greek is an adjective from a root word meaning "happy" or "fortunate". In Jesus's era, all luck was attributed to divine favor but this is not otherwise a religious word. It has no relationship to the Greek verb "bless" or the noun "blessings". This word can also mean "wealthy". This sets up an interesting play on words that only works in Greek, saying "wealthy the poor".

are -- There is no verb "are" in the Greek source. It is implied by the equating of "workman" with "worthy" both in the Greek form of subjects.

the -- The word translated as "the" is the Greek definite article, which usually precedes a noun and, without a noun, takes the meaning of "the one". The Greek article is much closer to our demonstrative pronouns ("this", "that", "these", "those"). See this article for more. 

poor -- (CW) The Greek word translated as "poor" means "beggars". It is the subject of the phrase and plural, "beggars". The first two words are literally, "Lucky beggars".

in  -- (CW) This word "in" comes from the dative case of the following word that requires the addition of a preposition in English, but the translator must decide which preposition to use: a "to" as an indirect object, a "with" for instruments, an "in" for locations, an "as" for purposes, an "of" for possession, a "by" for agents, an "as" for comparisons, "at" or "on" a time and an "in" for area of effect.

missing "the" -- (MW) The untranslated word is the Greek definite article, which usually precedes a noun and, without a noun, takes the meaning of "the one". The Greek article is much closer to our demonstrative pronouns ("this", "that", "these", "those"). See this article for more. 

spirit: -- The word translated as "spirit" primarily means "breath", "wind", a "non-material being" and "blast". Like "spirit" in English, it can also mean "attitude" or "motivation". It also means the "breath of life", from which we get to "spirit" and "spiritual". Its meaning as "the breath of life" is brought out by the idea of creating life. Its meaning as "spiritual" is brought out by the contrast with "physical". Read more about this word in this article on the holy spirit. 

for -- The "for" here is a causal adverb that means "seeing that", "because", or "since".

theirs -- (CW) This is the genitive, plural pronoun. When this form or word is the object of the verb "to be" the sense is "belongs to", so the sense of this word in these situations is "to". This is not the specific meaning of the word in this situation, which is "to them".

is  -- (CW) The verb "is" here is the common form of "to be" in Greek. It means to have a certain characteristic or remain in a certain condition. It also equates terms or assigns characteristics. With an object in the possessive form the "is" becomes "is of", which can mean "it is descended from", "it is the type of", "it belongs to", "is made of", "is a duty of", "is at the mercy of" or "is dependent on."  

the -- The word translated as "the" is the Greek definite article, which usually precedes a noun and, without a noun, takes the meaning of "the one". The Greek article is much closer to our demonstrative pronouns ("this", "that", "these", "those"). See this article for more. 

kingdom -- The word translated as "kingdom" can be the region, the reign, the castle or the authority of a ruler. Christ does not seem to use it to mean a physical region, so its translation as "reign" or "realm" seems more appropriate. This is especially true because the "reign" of a king means the execution of his will.

of -- This word "of" comes from the genitive case of the following word that requires the addition of a preposition in English. The most common is the "of" of possession, but it can also mean "belonging to", "part of", "which is", "than" (in comparisons) or "for", "concerning" or "about" with transitive nouns. 

missing "the" -- (MW) The untranslated word is the Greek definite article, which usually precedes a noun and, without a noun, takes the meaning of "the one". The Greek article is much closer to our demonstrative pronouns ("this", "that", "these", "those"). See this article for more. 

heaven. -- (WN) The word translated as "heaven" means sky, the climate, and the universe. It also meant the home of the gods in a physical sense: the sun, moon, and planets were named for the gods. The word is plural, not singular.