Matthew 5:27

Vocabulary (Greek word by word)

Ἠκούσατε (2nd pl aor ind act) "Ye have heard" is from akouo, which means "hear of", "hear tell of", "what one actually hears", "know by hearsay", "listen to", "give ear to", "hear and understand" and "understand".

ὅτι (conj) "That" is from hoti, which introduces a statement of fact "with regard to the fact that", "seeing that", and acts as a causal adverb meaning "for what", "because", "since" and "wherefore".

ἐρρέθη (3rd sg aor ind pass) "It was said" is from ero, which means "to say", "to speak", "to proclaim", "to announce", "to tell", "to order", "to be pronounced" [passive], "to let suffice" [passive], "to have been given orders", "to be mentioned" and "to be specified", agreed, or promised."

“Οὐ (partic) "Not" is from ou which is the negative adverb for facts and statements, negating both single words and sentences. The other negative adverb, μή applies to will and thought; οὐ denies, μή rejects; οὐ is absolute, μή relative; οὐ objective, μή subjective.

μοιχεύσεις.” (2nd sg aor subj act) "Commit adultery" is moicheuo, which means "commit adultery with a woman", "to debauch a woman" and generally, "to commit adultery with anyone". It is a metaphor for "worshiping idolatrously".

KJV — word by word

Ye -- This is from the second-person, plural form of the verb.

have -- (WT) This helping verb "have" indicates that the verb is the tense indicating an action completed in the past. This is not the tense of the verbs here.

heard -- "Heard" is from a Greek verb that means "to hear" and "to listen". It has the same sense as the English not only of listening but of understanding. It is the most common verb that Christ uses meaning "to hear". It also means "to listen" and "to understand".

that - The word translated as "that" introduces a statement of fact or cause, "for what", "because", "since" and "wherefore".

it -- This is from the third-person, singular form of the verb.

was -- This helping verb "was" indicates that the verb is passive. Helping or auxiliary verbs are needed to translate the Greek verb forms into English.

said -- (CW) The verb translated as "it was said" means "to pronounce", "to mention", "to announce", "to proclaim" and, in the passive as used here, "to be pronounced", "to be mentioned", "to be specified", "to be agreed" and "to be promised".

by them of old time, -- (OS) There is nothing in the Greek that can be translated as "by them of old time, " in the source we use today but it does exist in the source that the KJV translators used.

Thou -- This is from the second-person, plural form of the verb.

shalt -- (CW) This helping verb "shalt" does not indicate the future tense, but that the verb describes a possibility, the subjunctive voice. A "might" or "should" in English is more appropriate, but is assumed in an "if/when/whoever/except" clause. Helping verbs are not needed in Greek since the main verb carries this information in its form.

not -- The Greek word translated as "not" is the Greek negative used to deny objective facts, not opinions. It means "no", "not", or "no truly". It makes a negative statement of fact. Adding "really" to the sentence captures the same idea. When a negative precedes the verb, it affects the whole clause. When it precedes other words, its force is limited to those words. The problem here is the this is not the negative usually used with prohibitions.

commit adultery:​ -- The  Greek verb translated as "commit adultery" means "to debauch a woman" that is, to degrade a person by having sex outside of marriage. The concept is used more broadly to mean degrading people in general, specifically by encouraging them to break their vows.

NIV — word by word

You -- This is from the second-person, plural form of the verb.

have -- (WT) This helping verb "have" indicates that the verb is the tense indicating an action completed in the past. This is not the tense of the verbs here.

heard -- "Heard" is from a Greek verb that means "to hear" and "to listen." It has the same sense as the English not only of listening but of understanding.  It is the most common verb that Christ uses meaning "to hear." It also means "to listen" and "to understand."

that - The word translated as "that" introduces a statement of fact or cause, "for what," "because," "since," and "wherefore."

it -- This is from the third-person, singular form of the verb.

was -- -- This helping verb "was" indicates that the verb is passive. Helping or auxiliary verbs are needed to translate the Greek verb forms into English.

said--  (CW) The verb translated as "it was said," means "to pronounce," "to mention," " "to announce," "to proclaim,"   and, in the passive as used here, "to be pronounced," "to be mentioned," "to be specified," "to be agreed," and "to be promised."

You -- This is from the second-person, plural form of the verb.

shall -- (CW) This helping verb "shalt" does not indicate the future tense, but that the verb describes a possibility, the subjunctive voice. A "might" or "should" in English is more appropriate, but is assumed in an "if/when/whoever/except" clause. Helping verbs are not needed in Greek since the main verb carries this information in its form.

not -- The Greek word translated as "not" is the Greek negative used to deny objective facts, not opinions. It means "no," "not," or"no truly." It makes a negative statement of fact. Adding "really" to the sentence captures the same idea. When a negative precedes the verb, it affects the whole clause. When it precedes other words, its force is limited to those words. The problem here is the this is not the negative usually used with prohibitions.

commit adultery:​ -- The  Greek verb translated as "commit adultery" means "to debauch a woman" that is, to degrade a person by having sex outside of marriage. The concept is used more broadly to mean degrading people in general, specifically by encouraging them to break their vows.